Desmond Doss Similarities with Atlas - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1316 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Greek Mythology Essay Did you like this example? Desmond Doss Similarities with Atlas A hero is someone who is admired or idolized for their courage and bravery. Atlas, a titan of Greek mythology, is an undiscovered hero. What if Atlas is compared to a real life war hero? Desmond Doss was considered a World War II hero. Atlas the Greek Titian is similar to Desmond Doss. On April 1, Desmond Doss joined the United States army of sixteen million men in uniform during World War II. (DesmonDoss.com) Desmond was a believer in God. He felt it was his duty to obey his God and serve his country at the same time. Desmond Doss was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian who refused to carry a gun, who also refused to take another mans life. Desmond had an unshakeable desire to follow the Ten Commandments. In Desmonds mind, God said, If you love me, you wont kill. With that picture firmly embedded in his mind, he determined that he would never take life. (The Official Site of the Seventh-Day Adventist World Church) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Desmond Doss Similarities with Atlas" essay for you Create order All soldiers were thought to carry weapons of some kind, but Desmond refused to do so. This of course made the other soldiers unhappy and they felt threated by walking side by side into a battle with another man would not have a weapon to defend himself or others. . His commanding officers and other soldiers saw him as a liability to their safety and welfare. This stirred up a lot of controversy with his unit. His fellow soldiers tried to intimidate him, scorn him, and threaten him. Desmond never wavered in his beliefs that God was first and his country was second. They thought a man who would go into battle without a weapon was not to be considered a worthy soldier. They tried everything they could go get to quit, to no avail. The first major battle Desmond served in was in Guam. Across a period of several months, he repeatedly braved enemy gunfire and torrential rain and mud to rescue his companions (Hawkes, Rebecca) Desmond Doss received two Bronze Star Medals for valor, from this battle. Another battle of significance was in Okinawa. The American target was capturing the Maeda Escarpment, an imposing rock face the soldiers called, Hacksaw Ridge. (The Official Site of the Seventh-Day Adventist World Church) Desmond ran repeatedly to rescue his fellow soldiers as mortar shells and bullets came into his direction. Even disobeying orders for an immediate retreat, he pressed on to save lives. Desmond vowed that he would save as many lives as he could and the very least he was willing to die trying. With his determination and courage he was able to save over seventy-five lives at Hacksaw Ridge. Sixteen million men served in World War II. Desmonds fellow soldiers and commanders found a new admiration for a man they persecuted for refusing to follow men and standing for what he so dearly believed in. There were 461 recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor and Desmond Doss was one of those recipients. Desmond was honored by President Harry S. Truman, and a war hero, at the White house several years after his action to save his fellow soldiers. In addition to his Medal of Honor, Desmond Doss received a Bronze Star for valor with one Oak Leaf cluster (signifying he received 2 Bronze Stars); a Purple Heart with two Oak Leaf clusters (signifying he received 3 Purple Hearts); the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with three Bronze Stars, and beachhead arrowhead (signifying he served in 4 combat campaigns including an amphibious landing under combat conditions); the Good Conduct Medal; the American Defense Campaign; and the not so common, Presidential Unit Citation given to the 1 st Battalion, 307Inf, 77th Infantry Division for securing the Maeda Escarpment. (DesmonDoss.com) Atlas was one of the most famous Titans, (GreekMythology.com) He had three brothers named Prometheus, Menoetius, and Epimetheus. Atlas and his brother, Menoetius, sided with the Titans in a war called the Titanomachy, which lasted for ten years. The other two brothers Prometheus and Epimetheus found themselves on opposing sides against the Olympians and the Greek Gods. The Titans were eventually defeated many of them were confined to a deep abyss used as a dungeon. (Britannica, the Editors of Encyclopedia). The war was eventually lost by the Titians and won by the Olympians. Olympian Gods saw Atlas as a liability if he were free. Zeus punished Atlas by making him bear the weight of the heavens on his shoulders. Atlas was given this task in retribution for him leading the Titans into battle, or Titanomachy, against the Olympian Gods for control of the heavens. (www.greekmythology.com/Titans/Atlas/atlas.html) Twelve Labours of Hercules is the most famous myth involving Atlas. Hercules was commanded by King Eurystheus to steal the golden apples from the fabled gardens of the Hesperides. (greekgodsandgoddesses.net/gods/atlas/) Hercules offered to take Atlas over his duties if he would steal the apples for him. This was an offer would give Atlas a rest period and the opportunity to steal the apples for him. When Atlas returned with the apples, Atlas didnt want to return to his duties and tried to leave Hercules with the duties of holding the weight of the heavens on his shoulders. Hercules tricked Atlas into swapping places so he could go get cushions to put on his shoulders, this would help him bear the weight. As soon as Atlas switched Hercules took the apples and left Atlas, never to return. Atlas was condemned to hold up the heavens for all eternity. An oracle told Atlas that a son of Zeus would one day steal the golden apples guarded by his daughters. (Britannica, the Editors of Encyclopedia) When Perseus stopped to visit Atlas, he refused to let him in his home. Atlas feared to be tricked like he was when Hercules left him to hold up the heavens. The rejection made Perseus angry. Perseus showed him the head of Medusa and Atlas was turned into stone. But Atlas rebelling against the gods of Olympus showed his strength and intelligence. Just as Desmond Doss refused to carry a weapon or kill anyone, also showed his strength and intelligence. Once could say that Desmond Doss and Atlas both showed courage and bravery. It could be said that Atlas holding up the heavens is a responsibility, not a punishment. Just as Desmond Doss took on the responsibility of saving his fellow man. Atlas showed the Titians to follow your beliefs just as Desmond did. Both of these heroes did not waiver in what they believed in. They both fought for what they thought was right. Atlas was also known as a wise man and the founder of astronomy. (Cartwright) Atlas did not win any awards, but it all depends on what story one tells. Sometimes awards arent the end game of a hero who stands up for what they believe. Both of these characters have carried the weight of the world on their shoulders. That is what a true hero does, regardless of the consequences or recognition. Works cited Hawkes, Rebecca. Hacksaw Ridge: the Extraordinary True Story of Desmond Doss, the War Hero Who Refused to Kill. The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 4 Nov. 2016. Retrieved from: www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/mel-gibsons-hacksaw-ridge-the-extraordinary-true-story-of-desmon/ Desmond Doss. The Official Site of the Seventh-Day Adventist World Church. Retrieved from: www.adventist.org/en/service/religious-liberty/desmonddoss/ Desmond Doss: The Real Story. Retrieved from: https://desmonddoss.com/bio/bio-real.php Britannica, the Editors of Encyclopedia. Atlas. Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1 Nov. 2018. Retrieved from: www.britannica.com/topic/Atlas-Greek-mythology Atlas. Greek Mythology, GreekMythology.com Retrieved from: www.greekmythology.com/Titans/Atlas/atlas.html Atlas Facts and Information on The Greek Titan Who Held Up The Sky. Greek Gods Goddesses, https://greekgodsandgoddesses.net/gods/atlas/ Cartwright, Mark. Atlas. Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 1 Dec. 2018. Retrieved From: www.ancient.eu/Atlas/.

Globalization Is A Process Of Spreading Business Essay

GLOBALIZATION According to (Ghemawat)Globalization is a process of spreading business, technologies, ideas or philosophies all over the world and it gives an idea of how to inter markets, trends and culture globally which is unhampered by different time zones or different nations in other to get international integration. All the nations with their interconnected and interdependent economies come together and accept all the national problems as world problems in globalization. It is also a term that is associated with economic relations and cultural ties between different countries all over the world. According to (Kiely, 2001) It involves the breaking down of tariff barriers and allowing the free flow of raw materials, goods and resources between different countries. Trade and investments brings different nations together and also increase their interdependence at a very fast pace. For example, if petrol prices go up in oil-producing countries, it will result in a rise of petrol prices all over t he world. The world economy has become increasingly interdependent for a long time. However, in recent decades the process of globalization has enhanced and this is due to a variety of factors, but important ones are improved trade, increased labor and capital mobility and improved technology. The history of globalization is still an ongoing debate but (Thomas L. Friedman an American Journalist) and author states that the history of globalization is divided into three periods:Show MoreRelatedIs Globalization Destroying Our Society?1402 Words   |  6 Pages Is globalization destroying our society? Nowadays people have different opinions about globalization. It relies on different points of view on consequences of globalization process. 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Similarities on how national markets established themselves in other countries which increases not only international trade but also cultural exchange. This increases cultural trade because it gives countries the ability

Training and Development and Sharing Services

Question: Discuss about the Training and Development and Sharing Services. Answer: Introduction: The rapid progress of the private car rental and sharing services such as UBER, GrabCar and Comfort in the Singapore market has created ripples all over the industry. The key driving force for the change could be perceived in the rapid progress of technology alongside other notable factors such as satisfaction of cab drivers and regulations for the safety of passengers (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2016).Competition in the taxi industry of Singapore is gradually acquiring prominence and therefore traditional organizations face the risk of falling down to the peer pressure. The rationale for the following paper reflects on the need for identifying creative approaches for training and development needs within a selected case organization in the taxi industry. Rationale for the paper could be defined as the motive for undertaking analysis of training needs, business environment, requirement of resources and selected training and analysis methods (Cox Warner, 2013). Organization background: The enterprise selected for the paper is Comfort. The company is owned by the Comfort Delgro Corporation Ltd. The organization is counted as the topmost provider of taxi rental service in Singapore. Survey of the business environment could be apprehended effectively with the realization of prevalent trends in the taxi industry (Ford, 2014). The advent of mobile apps has created a huge demarcation from the traditional working of the taxi industry in Singapore as well as across the globe. The apps serve as convenient resources for passengers to hire the transport services of various companies with comparatively cheaper rates than the traditional taxi enterprises. Furthermore, taxi drivers could avail the benefits of flexible work schedules as well as opportunities for self-management. However, the operations of Comfort are also subjected to unconditional rise in competition as well as substantial increment in employee turnover. The organization has the distinct advantage of loyalty fro m its employees and is counted as one of the few strengths possessed by an enterprise in the industry of rental transportation. As a cab-for-hire service provider, Comfort also confronts the challenges of ensuring security of the passengers as well as drivers alongside providing the benefits of insurance to its drivers (Iqbal et al., 2014). Hence Comfort has to cope with the emerging trends in the industry such as sharing economy through revision of goals and strategic objectives. The revision process has to be accompanied with the realization of considerable disparities in the present and predicted drawbacks as well as preferences of passengers and drivers alike. Review of training needs analysis: Training needs analysis could be defined as the stage-wise procedure accompanied with three distinct stages commonly known as organizational level analysis, job and individual analysis. The profound objective implied by training needs analysis reflects on the determination of necessity of a particular training activity and the impact of the training intervention on the productivity, competitive advantage as well as prospects of long term sustainability of the organization (Jones, 2013). The distinct training needs identified in case of Comfort are derived from the proposal for introducing an enterprise software application for narrowing the gap existing between the organization and its competitors such as Grab Car and Uber. The illustration of needs of an organization could create flexible training programs for employees and in this case Comfort has to look after the primary needs of the organization which in this case is the design of the enterprise application software (Jehanzeb, R asheed Rasheed, 2013). The challenges for the company have created the worries of increasing employee turnover which could be detrimental in the long run. The organizational level training needs analysis in case of Comfort could be derived from the SWOT analysis and business structure of the organization (McGrath, 2012). The analysis of business structure and SWOT are cognitively related since the latter provides a detailed illustration of threats, opportunities as well as strengths of the organization. The training needs analysis assumes the increasing competition intensity and employee turnover as the foremost threats which could be probably encountered by the organization. The identification of training needs on individual levels such as from the prospective of subordinate staff and management team enables the training needs analysis to match with the desired objectives of the organization (Noe Winkler, 2012). The intended learning outcomes for the paper include apprehension of the disparities in expertise which could arise in case of Comfort Ltd when it introduces the enterprise software application. The profound learning outcome from the intervention could be stated as the improvement of an individuals capability to operate an electronic device (Noe Tews, 2012). The training process implemented by Comfort Ltd can be considered in alignment with the business goals since the program enables the employees to acquire conclusive knowledge of the new enterprise software and its operations alongside acquiring the benefits of flexible work schedules (Salas et al., 2012). The increasing employee turnover could also be reduced through the provision of training in the operation of the newly designed app. Therefore, it can be clearly apprehended that the training needs identified for Comfort in context of the present business environment prove to be valid with respect to the organizations objective s. The alignment of training session with the training needs analysis could be reviewed with respect to the illustration of Comfort Ltd.s training programs designed for individual categories of employees. The design of the enterprise software application has to be communicated to the cab drivers, software management personnel and support staff in order to make the process of training easier. For example, training of cab drivers should be based on a job perspective which enables the drivers to learn the specific aspects of the app which can be used by them for apprehending orders of cab bookings. Software management personnel on the other hand have to be trained in the distinct structural facets of the application in order to cater any maintenance issues which could arise in the application. The operational managers of the company are subject to different training session in which they are informed about the storage of data related to customers, transactions and tracking details of custo mers. The customer support personnel also require distinct training as identified in the training needs analysis on an individual level and they have to be trained in accessing the relevant information demanded by customers frequently while registering complaints or making inquiries such as booking details, transaction amount and the offers which are provided by the company in specific occasions. Suitable methods for training and assessment: The selected methods for training must be reviewed in order to gain a firsthand impression of the feasibility of the intervention. The training is considered as an intervention and is meant to derive a plausible outcome in terms of productivity for Comfort Ltd which could enhance its position with respect to other competitors. The alignment of the training program and the required skills for the new software could be verified through illustration of individual prerequisites demanded for each step (Noe Winkler, 2012). The structural analysis reviewed in the training needs analysis provides a viable illustration of the distinct needs of the organization as well as individuals such as subordinate staff and management personnel. The goals which have been assigned to the organization in the revised stage indicates the training of employees in the new enterprise software application alongside increasing the flexibility of the application in order to facilitate rental and sharing transport services at cheaper rates to customers. The training program derives a major share of its effectiveness from the analysis of individual functions of employees which is characterized as task analysis in the training needs analysis. The review of task analysis allows the management of Comfort Ltd to establish precise guidelines emphasizing on the balance between the demands of a particular job and the proficiency of employees. The demarcation of jobs also serves as a prolific opportunity to identify the relevance of training methods to the expected goals as well as measure the performance of the strategies implemented for training (McGrath, 2012). The use of distinct training methodologies is evidently helpful for obtaining promising outcomes in case of Comfort Ltd. specific methods for training and assessment adopted by the company must derive references from functional models such as Solo taxonomy. Solo taxonomy has been accepted as a prolific resource to establish the training progress through execution of training in distinct stages. The training of employees of Comfort ltd in event of the launch of the new application has to be initiated with the pre-structural, unistructural, multistructural, relational and extended abstract approaches to a new entity. The process of training can be considered as learning process in which the employees face the question of How to use the new enterprise software application? this question has to be resolved through specific steps as observed in the solo taxonomy. The prestructural apprehension directs towards a non-conforming approach to the question and suggests that the learner is new t o the subject and does not know anything about it. This can be considered as the stage when the cup is empty and has to be filled with the appropriate training methods. Thereafter the unistructural apprehension of training refers to formation of a generic impression related to the training subject. This stage is related to the basic understanding of the purpose of the app for different employees. Then the multistructural stage of the taxonomy would be used to determine job specific training provided to employees on the app. For example, cab drivers should be able to understand the interface and the basic way of operating the application. The multistructural approach in solo taxonomy refers to the distinct manner in which employees should utilize the application. Relational approach relies on the final outcome of the application for each employee. And the extended abstract is delivered in the final stage of training in order to convey the significance of the individual stages of lear ning followed earlier in order to form a common impression of using the app. This enables coordinated use of the application due to the self-reflective learning of employees. The training of employees could be realized efficiently in case of potential assessment measures. It is obvious that the outcomes of training for different employees could be perceived differently since the mindset as well as learning capabilities are different. Hence assessment is imperative after the training process in order to evaluate the performance of employees. Online assessment of employees could be conducted through weekly review questionnaires provided to employees for providing details of their performance and knowledge acquired from the training process. Interviews and monthly performance appraisals could also serve as potential resources for understanding the capabilities of employees and improvement with respect to the previous stage. Illustration of resources: The primary resources required for the training program could be classified into physical, human and financial resources. The financial resources required for the training program comprise of the costs for providing explanation on the new hardware required to design the software and monitor the operations as well as the database associated with the software (Jehanzeb, Rasheed Rasheed, 2013). The other financial undertakings for the organization could be observed in the costs related to materials required for the training and incentives for employees to join the program. Human resources requirements in context of the training program for Comfort Ltd could be satiated by the senior management alongside the supporting staff required in the training program. The physical resources refer to computers, projectors and other technical aids which could serve the key objective of employee training for accomplishing the desired objective (Jones, 2013). Additional investments could be required from the senior management team in terms of time and effort in identifying the specific goals alongside preparing a training plan which could satisfy strategic objectives of the organization. The execution of a training activity has to be complemented with feasible and ordered distribution of resources. Allocation of resources for the training activity has to be considered while designing the application. The requirement of personnel for training as well as the necessary infrastructure as identified above demand investments which could improve employee performance. The use of investments in advertising for employee training does not account for a reasonable investment and hence emphasis on technical and human resources for investment must be emphasized. The execution of training methods should be conducted in a stage wise procedure as identified in solo taxonomy. First of all, the launch of the new application should be conveyed to employees through mail or advertisement in the office notice board. This would create the prestructural stage of training in which the employees would be completely unaware of the new application. The following stage involves the inquisitivenes s of employees and thus the unistructural phase of training is realized in the orientation of employees in context of the launch of the new application. The orientation stage of training is followed by the multistructural training in which employees are classified into distinct categories based on their job descriptions and individual training programs are prepared for them. The relational phase of training is executed through assessment in which the employees are able to communicate their perception of the training process. Thereafter the employees are subjected to another training session in which they are informed of the pitfalls committed by them in the learning process and therefore the final outcome is realized in the form of an extended abstract citing the overall impression of employees pertaining to the application i.e. it allows them to access enterprise level information alongside contributing to flexible provision of sharing rental services through which cabs of Comfort Ltd can cater the needs of customers of other cab booking services on a sharing basis. The employees are also aware of the percentage of income they will be receiving in event of sharing cabs. References Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New Challenges for European Resource Management. Springer. Cox, A., Warner, M. (2013). Whither training and development in Vietnam? learning from United States and Japanese MNCs' practice.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,51(2), 175-192. Ford, J. K. (2014).Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Iqbal, N., Ahmad, N., Haider, Z., Hamad, N., Mir, M. S. (2014). Impact of Training and Development on the Employee Performance: A Case Study From Different Banking Sectors of North Punjab.Nigerian Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,2(4), 19-24. Jones, P. A. (2013). A profile for management development and training.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, A., Rasheed, M. F. (2013).Effects of training and development on job satisfaction and turnover intentions in fast food franchises of Saudi Arabia.The Business Management Review,3(3), 101. McGrath, S. (2012). Vocational education and training for development: A policy in need of a theory?.International Journal of Educational Development,32(5), 623-631. Noe, R., Winkler, C. (2012). Training and Development: Learning for Sustainable Management. Noe, R. A., Tews, M. J. (2012).Realigning training and development research to contribute to the psychology of competitive advantage.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,5(1), 101-104. Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kraiger, K., Smith-Jentsch, K. A. (2012). The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice.Psychological science in the public interest,13(2), 74-101.

Novel and Brett free essay sample

Institutions can have positive and negative effects that can alter and individuals perceptions, judgment and values. Raw by Scott Monk, Hard Rock by Etheridge Knight and Dangerous Minds by John N. Smith help communicate an understanding of how such institutions can reform an individual. The novel Raw written by Scott Monk, is simple in style but introduces interesting and an acceptable insight to the concept of the institution and the individual experience. Brett Dalton resembles a highly wrought, reactionary character who challenged or feels confronted by structures of authority or control. Using Brett as the protagonist, Monk opens the novel with a prologue that describes Brett as delinquent and confused teenager who refuses to take responsibility for his own actions. His intolerance leads him to committing a crime breaking him into a bottle shop; this explains why he is in the institution called the farm, which can be described as a half-way house with between no security and maximum security. We will write a custom essay sample on Novel and Brett or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This institution accommodates troubled teenagers, in which it is their second chance to become better individuals. Throughout the novel Brett is symbolized as the troubled teenager who overcomes his ignorance. On the farm, Brett meets the caretaker Sam, who is symbolized not only as a role model but also the cause of Bretts positive change. Sam respects each individual equally and believes everybody deserves a second chance, but Brett, at the beginning does not tolerate anyone, especially people with authority – they are the enemy, and you never get friendly with the enemy. This demonstrates Bretts attitudes and protest to the institution. As a caretaker, Sam reiterates to Brett at the beginning, just remember, Brett: only you can change your life. He implies that the power to change lives within the individual. Further on in the novel, Brett is still of concern and Sam reaches out to try and help. Don’t shut me out, Brett. I do know the score and that is why Im worried about you . This indicates the positive effect of the institution and on the individual. Josh is another character who helps Brett reform. Josh is seen as the rehabilitated teenager who chooses to stay on the farm. He helps Brett realize that his problems are the least of his worries when compared with other troubled teenagers, for example Josh himself. His problems are quite indescribable, he has no parents that desire to care for him, whilst Brett does, and this changes Bretts perspective towards Josh and his life. Monk deliberately outlines the change in Brett through Josh to demonstrate the changing experience and positive effect of the institution on Brett. Scott Monk employs many techniques to convey his ideas of the positive changes Brett incurred from an institution. One of many is the use of contrast, which juxtaposes Bretts life at the beginning and his reformed life at the end. Monk highlights this contrast through the prologue and epilogue. In the prologue, Brett hates anyone who has the authority – he thinks the whole world is against him, whilst in the epilogue Brett had learnt to make friendships, gain trust and respect and learn to accept his own mistakes and responsibilities. Violent language such as busted and bang is used at the beginning of the novel, effectively showing the violence of the criminal world Brett came from. Monks point is clear. Individuals need social structures in order to defeat a negative life and develop individuality and responsibility. The institution allowed Brett to realise that he has resources of a character he never knew he possessed. Hard Rock, by Etheridge Knight, consists of many techniques which express the idea that maximum security institutions have a great effect on an individual. This poem specifically outlines the literal meaning of effect on the individual by an institution. Hard Rock is a stereotype yet symbolic name for a prisoner who was cold n tough, very violent and rebellious against all authority. The poem was composed in the 1950s, at the time of racial discrimination against coloured people in America. Contrast of a once cold n tough criminal at the beginning, to a lobotomised vegetable at the end, is expressed in the poem to highlight how effective and dehumanising an institution can be on an individual. Derogatory language like nigger, expletives such as black son of a bitch and word choice such as smacked and kinked all add to portray the effect of realism and to give the reader a chance to create an image on what is emphasised. At the end of the poem, Etheridge Knight uses two metaphors, he had been our destroyer, the doer of things, to reinforce the contrast and emphasise the literal effect the institution had on Hard Rock. The idea of the institution having a negative effect on individuals can be seen in the film ‘Dangerous Minds’ by John N. Smith. In the film there are negative effects of the failure of the school as an institution. The students in the movie are part of a class called the academy class and are referred to as a ‘school within the school. ’ The soundtrack of the movie fits perfectly with songs like Gangsters Paradise that symbolize the negative state of mind of the students. Many of the students have no sense of belonging and see no relevance of to be at a place where even there teachers have no expectations for them. All until Lou Anne Johnson arrives. Lou Anne gives hope to the students and shows the students that there can be some positive effects of the institution. But the negative effects end up reappearing, when a student is turned away by the principle on the basis of a petty rule. This emphasizes and the focus on the rules and order rather than the individual. The consequence of the student in this case is the death. Lou Anne sums up this incident appropriately â€Å"What should I tell them? If they don’t want to die remember to knock? †

International PepsiCo. Company

International PepsiCo. Company Introduction Every organization is expected to undertake strategic analysis to determine its market position as well as its current and anticipated performance. Through the application of different environmental analysis tools, managers are able to determine the strong and weak points of an organization. One of the activities carried out by organizations is scenario analysis.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on International PepsiCo. Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scenarios are used to map the future based on uncertain and predetermined elements. These elements are explored with the aim of helping an organization to seek solutions to some of the foreseen problems which may have an effect on the company. The purpose of the current essay is to undertake a scenarios analysis and offer their respective strategic responses in respect to PepsiCo Company. The first task involves the development of three future sc enarios and strategic responses for PepsiCo. Scenario one predicts no major future changes scenario in the external environment. Scenario two predicts negative future changes in the external environment. Scenario three predicts positive future changes’ in the external environment. The second task of the essay involves evaluating the contribution of scenario planning to effective management. Introduction to the PepsiCo Company PepsiCo Company is a multinational company whose headquarters are in Purchase, New York (Berch, Montoya Sawayda 2010, p.1). The multinational company operates in the drinks and beverage industry. The company which was formed as a merger between Frito-Lay Inc and Pepsi-Cola is a major competitor of the Coca-Cola Company. PepsiCo has a presence in 200 countries across the globe. Some of the areas where it has subsidiaries include Africa, Asia, Middle East, Europe, and Australia, among others. Globally, the company is second after Coca-Cola in the food and beverage industry. Over the years, the company has undergone several mergers and acquisitions which have promoted its success and presence in the international markets. Through M A, the company has been able to diversify in its areas of production. For example, PepsiCo product base has expanded to increase products like snacks and foods (Berch, Montoya Sawayda 2010, p.1), PepsiCo competes with Kraft Foods.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company has diversified its product mix where majority of the product mix are foods and the rest are beverages. Both carbonated and un-carbonated beverages are available although the carbonated beverages no longer dominate the market. Despite the success of the company, it has in the recent past been involved in challenging situations like environmental problems such as pollution and disposal of its biodegradable wastes (Berch et al. 2010, p.8) Rationale for its selection PepsiCo Inc is a large US company which controls about thirty six percent of the US’ drinks market (Berch et al. 2010, p.1). The company operates in an industry that is greatly affected by season. For example, most of the drinks are drunk seasonally and more so during summer. As a result, the company has to undertake a scenario analysis in order to determine its current and future operations. Furthermore, the company is normally faced with stiff market competition from Coca Cola, the number one market shareholder. Following the recent global market financial crisis it is imperative to acknowledge that PepsiCo was financially affected by the crisis. According to a case analysis by Berch and colleagues (2010), the operations of PepsiCo in the beverage industry has been faced with a lot of controversies. For example, the company has been accused of engaging in price wars with its main rival Coca Cola, contamination, and false labeling of its products. To remain relevant in the industry, there is need for PepsiCo to undertake a scenario analysis which would assists in strategic management. Scenario Analysis Scenario analysis has been described as the process by which several informed, alternative, plausible and â€Å"imagined alternative future environments in which decisions about the future may be played out, for the purpose of changing current thinking, improving decision making, enhancing human and organization learning and improving performance† (Chermack 2004, p15).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on International PepsiCo. Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, environmental scanning is an essential process which enables the success of scenario planning or analysis. Different factors in the external environment are considered in the process. To better conduct scenario analysis, SWOT and PESTEL analytical to ols have been adopted. On the one hand, the PESTAL analytical tool looks at the external environment on which the organization operates. Some of the elements analyzed include economic, political, technological, legal, social, and environmental factors that could have an impact on an organization. On the other hand, the SWOT analysis is normally concerned with the future opportunities available to an organization, as well as the threats that such a company may anticipate in the future. Scenario 1: no major future changes Competition in the beverage and drinks industry is not expected to change a lot in the future. Since the inception of the PepsiCo, its major competitor has been the Coca-Cola Company in as far as drinks are concerned (LTONEWC FIASCO 2005, p.34). On the other hand, Kraft Foods has been the major competitor of PepsiCo in the food snacks industry (Marketing Teacher Ltd, 2012). The current competition in these two industries is less likely to intensify hence the trend ca n be classified as stagnant. For instance, a new entrant into the industry would normally be required to have substantial amounts of capital and infrastructure. This creates stronger market entry barriers which prohibits other companies from entering the market. As a result, competition is not expected to increase greatly as the two companies enjoy some kind of monopoly. The company has a strong brand which ensures that the company stays competitive in the market.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although other companies like Nestle and Groupe Danone may try hard to compete, the brand of PepsiCo is a worldwide brand, well known and diversified brand (Marketing Teacher Ltd, 2012). With more than 60 brands, the company is well placed in the beverage and food industry. As such, other brands from emerging companies are less likely to influence the drinks and the food snacks industry. Scenario 2: negative future changes One of the major negative effects that PepsiCo is expected to encounter in the future is the government regulations and laws. These could either be from the political or the legal environments. In the 21st century, there is an increased awareness on the environmental changes, health and safety issues. In the future, laws and regulations related to the three fields are likely to change, thereby affecting the operations of PepsiCo negatively (Marketing Teacher Ltd 2012). For example, environmentalists and communities have been complaining on the environmental damage s Pepsi has especially in India (Berch et al. 2010, p.6). Pepsi has been accused of using chemicals in its products which jeopardizes the health and the safety of human beings. If the government imposed bans or restrictive measures on Pepsi then the company is likely to lose the second largest market in Asia after China. This will definitely affect the company operations, market share, and sales negatively leading to lose. The changes in laws could also be future changes in taxation requests, tax rates and ecological laws. All these will negatively impact the company. A memorable incidence is when the company was accused of using pesticides in its bottled water drinks (Berch et al. 2010, p.6). As a result, the company was partially banned in five Indian states. This is an indication of the excepted laws and regulations regarding the environment, safety, and the health of the customers. With these noticeable incidents, the company is faced to face the same bans in different countries if it engages in similar unethical issues in the future. Environmental laws are aimed at ensuring environmental conservation, and these are also expected to rise in the near future. As such, PepsiCo may be affected negatively bearing in mind that the company’s products are developed and packaged in plastic bottles which are non-biodegradable. For example, Aquifina is a bottled water drink packaged in plastic bottles. Upon use, people discard the plastic containers anywhere thus causing environmental contamination. So far, international environmental watchdogs have been calling for the ban of these plastics as they cause landfills and other pollution-related problems (Berch et al. 2010, p.10). Other emerging concerns on laws and regulations are the labeling of water containers. For example, although labeling laws are not very strict in the United States, countries in the Middle East and Asia have strict relations which are expected to increase in the future. Scenario 3: posit ive future change Increased market base: PepsiCo has the likelihood of witnessing an increase in its market base in the future. This is because the company has diversified its operation through the incorporation of bottled water and snacks. So far, the company has a presence in two hundred countries in the world. In 2009, the company announced its plans to expand in countries with already existing operations (Berch 2010, p.3). Through the use of its adoptable expansion strategy, the company is expected to continue expanding in the years to come. Some of its brands like the Cola diet have been increasing in terms sales and popularity. This increase has been necessitated by the fact that people have become self conscious on their health and well being. As the awareness continues to take place, the brand will catch many people. As such, its market share will increase as its customer base increases. With a broad product base, the company will expand its market share. The diversification of the company’s products to include foods and snacks has prompted its future increase in market base at present and in the future. According to Berch et al. (2010, p.7) the company is on the verge of developing health products and health foods. For example, the company has been planning to invest over USD 10 billion to support the production of healthy snacks. This trend will have positive future changes on the market base of PepsiCo. This is based on the fact that many people are becoming health conscious which represents a new untapped market. In the future, the company expects to reap over USD 30 billion in this new market (Berch et al.2010, p.7). Healthier PepsiCo snacks which incorporate the demands of the health conscious customers are more than likely going to expand the market for PepsiCo. The current collaboration with researchers from Mayo Clinics and the WHO promises to develop new healthier products which will see the market of expand its market share. The bottl ed water and food snacks have a perfect market in the US which is anticipated to get the attention of consumers (Marketing Teacher Ltd 2012). As such, the sales of the organization are anticipated to increase and so is its market share. The company has also been experiencing high returns from the diet Cola. With the trends continuing the same as they are, the company will experience an increase in market share in different parts of the globe. Proposed strategies for the scenarios The negative scenario of change in the regulations and laws regarding aspects of environment, health, and safety will definitely have negative effects if the company does not put into place strategic mechanisms. The company will have to set a legal team which oversees that all the ethical and legal regulations in different countries are followed. In the process, it will ensure that the mentioned accusations are not witnessed in the future. In case of changes in the operational laws and regulations, the comp any will have to comply with the set rules and regulations. By following the laws and regulations, the company will be able to keep off from legal battles and bans. As such, its operations will continue to be operative. Health, safety, and environmental laws are increasing and are expected to increase in the near future. PepsiCo will have to carry tests on its products before entering in the market to avoid the repetition of past incidents in India. The strategy will ensure that the company does not get a bad reputation, calling back of products and face bans in major markets. Environmental conservation initiatives could be taken in future to conserve the environment. In order to solve these ethical related dilemmas, it is necessary that PepsiCo takes â€Å"different levels of government into account, as well as the concerns of NGOs† (Berch et al. 2010, p.6). This strategy will involve all the stakeholders and deal with any negative repercussions. Furthermore, the company cou ld carry thorough stakeholder orientation with the aim of discovering ethical course of action and avoid the uncalled bans. The company can develop biodegradable PepsiCo drinks bottles which would ensure environmental safety and avoid similar incidents to the one faced in India in 2006. This would reduce environmental pollution and ensure safety. Additionally, the dream machine project currently present in US could be initiated in other countries. This would encourage customers to discard their products wastes in a more planned manner which ensures conservations. On the issue of labeling the drinks bottle, the company needs to follow the regulatory laws and regulations in every country. Positive changes are expected in the future in the external environment in which PepsiCo operates. The market share for PepsiCo may increase in the future given that people are becoming health conscious. To accommodate the anticipated positive change, the company has invested a lot in research and de velopment. Therefore, the organization should continue to invest in R D in order to come up with products that can accommodate the expected changes in the future. Furthermore, the organization has already started collaboration with WHO and Mayo clinic to develop snacks and foods which are health conscious. The same has been done on the drinks sector. In the future, the same processes are required to continue to meet the anticipated changes. Contribution scenario planning make to effective strategic management To begin with, strategic management has been described as the process by which organizations manage the relation with the current environment while aligned to the organization mission (Sung 2004, p.12). It can also be defined as the manner in which a balance is maintained between strategies and the internal activities to manage the external environment. Therefore, to achieve the definition and the purpose of strategic management, scenario planning has to be carried out. This e nsures that the relationship between the organization and the changes anticipated in the future is monitored. With the changes exhibited in the external environment, managers depend on the scenario planning to plan future planning of the organization. One of the major benefits associated with scenario planning is the ability to help an organization information center from repeating past mistakes (Schoemaker 2011, p.43). As such, the organization’s strategic management team thrives to develop ways of mitigating the anticipated future negative scenarios. For example, PepsiCo scenario planning will assist the organization avoid past mistakes related to ethical issues and regulations. When an organization knows the anticipated change, it carries out up-front investment. As such, an organization avoids unnecessary thinking of the anticipated future problem change like laws and regulations. This saves the company time, energy, and costs that would result from the anticipated change if it was not carried up-front. As part of strategic management, planning prepares an organization from possible changes (Schoemaker 2011, p.43). As such, a company like PepsiCo would be in a position to reduce overexposure. Uncertain risks associated with resources and capitals are reduced if scenario planning is carried out in advance. The investment of the present and the future depends heavily on scenario planning for efficient and effective decision making process (Van Der Heijden 2011). Strategic decisions made by the strategic management team should depend on facts and collected data on external environment. As a result, the decision making process is improved since the management is aware of the possible future external environment changes (Schoemaker 2011, p.43). Managers are assisted as they are made to think in a certain systematic way. For example, through scenario planning, managers are provided with the possible predetermined changes which a manger cannot ignore or re ject. Compared to the traditional method of decision making, scenario planning is much better and effective process (Schoemaker 2011, p.43; Van Der Heijden 2011). Uncertainties resulting from different variables are easily adjusted at the same time without any difficulties. Issues of imperfect reasoning and bias by the managers are overcome through the use of this method. Scenario planning influences strategy development positively. For example, the management is forced to think beyond the current position and situation of the company. This enables the company to focus on the future of the company. Van Der Heijden (2011) adds that the process of planning energizes the management system of an organization. Attention is paid while the top management team is making decisions. Unlike in the traditional way of decision making and management, using the results of scenario planning enables the management to justify the operation on a single line or department (Schoemaker 2011, p.43). Scena rios provide contexts in which decisions are passed down the chain of command. Through the provision of a context for decisions and decision making, the communication process in an organization is improved. The decisions made are well communicated through set up channels which define the direction of an organization. Monitoring of weak signals and recognizing them until they are fully coalesced enhances corporate perception. For example, a company is enhanced to effectively incorporate any changes no matter how small it may be. This creates a corporate attitude that ensures that all problems have to be solved. As a result, strategic management process is improved. Van Der Heijden (2011) note that the commitment by a company to scenario planning makes it become part of the organization language. The reason behind this is the way in which a complex inter-disciplinary reality is transferred in effortless manner. As part of the strategic management, an organization has to ensure that it educates its managers to make quality scenarios. Consequently, the organization is in a better position to make realistic decisions both in the present and in the future of the company. ‘Stretching mental model’ is achieved which is used by planners to determine the driving forces of an organization in respect to the business environment (Van Der Heijden 2011). In reference to the case study, PepsiCo would be in a position to know the drivers of its business in respect to the business environment. Leadership is an essential tool in strategic management which coordinates the different tasks of an organization. Van Der Heijden (2011) has advised that scenario planning acts as a leadership tool. Scenario process or planning reinforces the interests of the management. Consequently, the managers become involved in the process of developing scenarios in occasional basis thus improving their leadership qualities. As the process continues, managers get more involved in the pro cess of generating scenarios which becomes contextual and influential tool. Ideas are easily communicated enhancing development of projects. According to organizational theory, the external environmental creates pressure on the internal environment of an organization (Fuhs n.d, p.6). The different pressures on the organization can be determined through the use of scenario planning. The claim can be supported by the views of Van Der Heijden (2011) who adds that the scenarios analysis which was first carried out more than 35 years ago at Shell have enabled the company deal with any external pressures. Because of the benefits associated with the process, Shell has been carrying scenario planning even to-date. The purpose of scenario planning is to â€Å"envisage alternative views of the future in the form of distinct configurations of key environmental variables† (Grant 2003, p.494). Therefore, scenario planning enables organizational managers to get on thinking and have the ava ilable mental models of thinking changed to accommodate the specified changes. As a result, managers and strategic analysts are able to synthesize different knowledge coupled with sharing of information. Russell (2005, p.11) note that managers and team players are able to discuss the possibilities of the future in relation to the stated scenario. This allows the management to solve the problems and note the possibility of the anticipated future outcomes (Russell 2011, p.11). It should be noted that scenario planning does not give alternatives to the anticipated changes from the external environment. Chermack (2004, p.15) note that scenario planning is more of the intended outcomes of the external factors than offering alternatives. Conclusion In summary, scenario planning is an essential undertaking which plays an integral role in strategic management. In reference to the essay, PepsiCo which is a MNC is more prone to changes and pressures from the external market hence the need for scenario analysis. Essentially, with increased competition and changes in laws and regulation on the areas of environment, health, and safety, the organization is required to carry scenario analysis. Based on the analysis, the major negative changes in the future are change in the environmental, safety, and health related laws and regulations. These may reduce the sales and market share of the organizations. News markets segments are a positive change which PepsiCo is more likely to depend on in the future. However, the current competition trends are not expected to reduce or increase as the market has strong entry and exit barriers. The major benefits associated with scenario analysis/planning is enabling leadership and effective decision making process which aids in strategic management of an organization. Others include creation of effective communication of decisions from management to other departments in an organization. It also allows the development of the ‘stretching mental model’ which allows better thinking among the managers. As a result, corporate perception is enhanced which enables coalesce of weak points. Lastly, the leadership of an organization is developed as the managers develop the attitude of scenario planning. This promotes the process of strategic management in an organization. Reference List Berch, K, Montoya, J Sawayda, J 2010, PepsiCo’s journey toward an ethical and  socially responsible culture, http://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu/pdf/PepsiCo%20Case.pdf Chermack, T 2004, ‘The role of system theory in scenario planning, Journal of Futures  Studies’, vol. 8, no.4, pp.15 3 Fuhs, C n.d, Toward an integral approach to organization theory: An integral  investigation of three historical perspectives on the nature of organizations, experienceintegral.org/uploads/media/Fuhs_Toward_An_Integral_Approa h_to_Org_Theory.pdf Grant, R M 2003, ‘Strategic Planning in a Turbulent Environment: Evidence from the Oil Majors’, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 491-517 LTONEWC FIASCO 2005, Cola Wars: Coca-Cola vs. PepsiCo, http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/16/04717432/0471743216-3.pdf Marketing Teacher Ltd 2012, SWOT analysis PepsiCo, marketingteacher.com/swot/pepsi-swot.html Russell, L 2005, Leadership development. Alexandria, ASTD Press Schoemaker, P J H 2011, General environment, oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199581610/henry2e_ch02.pdf Sung, M 2004, Toward a model of strategic management of public relations: scenario  building from a public relations perspective, University of Maryland Press, Maryland. Van Der Heijden, K 2011, Scenarios: The art of strategic conversation, John Wiley Sons, Chichester.

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